We know that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition affecting 18 million individuals worldwide (circa 2019, WHO)[1]. The real numbers in 2026 may vary. And even though the condition is prevalent across the globe, surprisingly little is known about its connection to gut health.
The human gut, often referred to as the body’s “second brain”, can affect immune function and overall health. Read along to learn how the interrelation between RA and gut health can help you learn more about your condition and seek appropriate treatment.
What Role Does Gut Health Play in Autoimmune Diseases
Studies suggest that the gut flora/microbiome has a huge impact on autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
| 💡 Gut Flora: Refers to the collection of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea existing in the digestive tract. |
It is believed that when the composition of different organisms in the gut flora is disrupted (also referred to as dysbiosis), it has the capacity to contribute to and even activate autoimmune diseases.
Dysbiosis can lead to immune dysfunction, which in turn causes joint inflammation commonly observed in RA patients.
Some gut microbiota can also affect the immune reaction, meaning they cause the immune system to attack the body’s own healthy tissues and cells.
Gut Health and Rheumatoid Arthritis Connection
The gut flora is an ecosystem consisting of viruses, bacteria, and fungi that are involved in digestive processes, general health, and immunity.
In cases of a lack of microbial diversity and an abundance of pathogenic bacteria – the protective barrier of the gut can get disrupted, which increases intestinal permeability. This is commonly known as “leaky gut”.
This leaky gut allows harmful bacteria and toxins to be released into the bloodstream, which leads to inflammation and the activation of an immune response. As a result, joint inflammation and tissue destruction can be seen in RA patients.
Additionally, the gut and immune systems are also related via the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT). This relationship also points to poor gut flora releasing immune cells that subsequently increase cytokine synthesis. This contributes to inflammation, worsening RA symptoms.
Consequently, it is imperative to maintain a healthy gut in order to manage RA symptoms.
Common Symptoms of Bad Gut Health
- Digestive health: Digestive issues are the first and foremost indication of disturbed gut health. These issues include bloating, heartburn, gas, diarrhea, or constipation. These indicate your gut is finding it difficult to break down foods and remove waste from the body.
- Sugar cravings: A sudden increase in the desire for ultra-processed or sugary foods happens because bad bacteria thrive on sugar.
- Food intolerances: Difficulty in digesting specific foods due to nausea, cramps, etc., indicates bad gut health.
- Constant fatigue: If you feel tired all the time, even after getting a full night’s sleep – you may have gut health issues.
- Skin problems: Issues such as acne, sudden unexplained breakouts, eczema, or psoriasis may flare up due to an imbalance in the gut flora.
- Mood changes: You may notice brain fog, anxiety, or extreme mood swings due to the gut-brain connection.
- Sleep disturbances: If you find it difficult to fall or stay asleep, it may be a sign of bad gut health. This is because your gut is responsible for producing a big chunk of your body’s serotonin.
| 💡 Serotonin: A hormone that affects your mood and sleep. |
How to Improve Gut Health for RA Management
Slowly but surely, people are becoming aware of the gut health’s impact on rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Several practices and lifestyle alterations that can help promote good gut health are coming to light.
Here are some simple tips that may go a long way:
- Consume a probiotic-rich diet: Probiotics play a significant role in gut health management. Some noteworthy items to include in your everyday diet are: sauerkraut, yoghurt, kefir, buttermilk (chaas), idli & dosa, etc.
- Improve fibre intake: Increased fibre intake is beneficial for the good bacteria in your gut. Some examples include vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes (daal), etc.
- Avoid sugars and processed foods: Sugars, artificial additives, and processed foods can amplify gut microbiome imbalance and promote inflammation. Limit the intake of such foods to get better overall gut health.
- Stay physically active: Regular exercise helps improve gut health and reduce inflammation. Some moderate exercise options include swimming, walking, and performing yoga.
If you think you are experiencing any of the above-mentioned symptoms, along with heightened rheumatoid arthritis manifestations, you must consult a trusted healthcare provider. Sohana Hospital has a team of the best rheumatology doctors. Schedule an appointment to get a personalised assessment and care for your specific condition and requirements.
Reference Sources:
- Rheumatoid arthritis – 28 June 2023